Geological and Paleontological Evidences for Biological Evolution; An Overview
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63359/wc938d19Keywords:
Geological, paleontological, biological, time scale, fossils, evidences, evolution.Abstract
This study was carried out to examine the geological and paleontological evidence supporting the biological evolution of certain vertebrates and invertebrates. It also emphasises the importance of tracking the evolution process over the geologic time scale, particularly as recorded by the fossil record, as fossils are the primary source of information on the evolution of planet life. We would not be aware of extinct species like dinosaurs and trilobites without the information they offer. Furthermore, we wouldn't be able to directly determine when important biological events like the beginning of life, the formation of shells or skeletons, the colonisation of the land, the emergence of blooming plants and animals, the creation of flight, other significant incidents occurred of extinction. But according to this study, the invertebrate fossil scallop Chesapecten changed over a period of roughly 13 million years. The presence of legs, for example, distinguishes a class of vertebrate animals known as tetrapods, such as Temnospondyls, most of which had long, narrow bodies, large, fat skulls, and relatively short legs. Since the skeletons of Archaeopteryx and Compsognathus are so similar, several Archaeopteryx specimens were initially mistakenly categorised as Compsognathus. However, they are now considered to be directly descended from reptiles. The earliest reptiles had characteristics similar to those of mammals, and skull studies reveal how the ear area and jaw articulation changed as reptiles evolved into mammals. The cephalaspids, also known as osteostracans, are the most well-known group of early jawless fishes that eventually evolved into jaw fishes. Horse evolution began with significant changes in size and morphology during the Eocene era, about 60 million years ago. The finding of hominid fossils and artifacts has accelerated during the last 20 years, and the human family tree is now considered to be much more branched and less linear than previously imagined.
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