Abstract

LJEEST, Vol. 1 issue 2, Cover Pages

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of pre-sowing treatments on seed germination of Erythrina humeana Spreng. The Cold water-treated seeds were soaked in distilled water for 24 hours, hot water-treated seeds were soaked in boiled water (away from heat source) for 24 hours, seeds were immersed in 98% sulphuric acid for 5 minutes (SA 98%-5M ), and sulphuric acid 98% treatment seeds were immersed for 15 minutes (SA 98%-15M ). Erythrina humeana Spreng grown in the campus of Omar Al-Mukhtar university Albyda, Libya. The following germination parameters were determined: Germination Percentage (GP), Mean Germination Time (MGT), Germination Index (GI), and root length. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to confirm the variability and validity of the data. The result showed the highest germination was recorded when seeds were treated with hot water and SA 98%-15M. MGT showed no statistical differences observed among the pre-sowing treatments. However, the cold water and SA 98%-5M treatments significantly decreased the GI in Erythrina humeana Spreng. Result found that root length of the seedlings developed under treatments was highest (1.765 cm) in hot water treatment followed by SA 98%-15M treatment (1.35 cm). In the conclusion of the study it was indicated that the hot water and SA 98%-15M treatments break dormancy and promote germination of Erythrina humeana Spreng. The present study will be useful to screen other pre-sowing treatments such as immersing seeds of Erythrina humeana Spreng in absolute sulphuric acid for 20 , 25 ,30 and 60 minutes. Further work is required to develop the pre-sowing treatments to ensure high germination ratio in the field.

Abstract

This s In order to better understand the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) in tropical soils and the impact of converting native forest into plantation, we studied the dynamics of different physically separated SOM pools at different depths under natural conditions and 7 years of pasture (Pancium Maximum) cultivated via the replacement of the native C (C3-derived) and pasture C (C4-derived).Organic C stocks of the secondary forest, was (15±3 kg m-2)and pasture (19±3 kg m-2 ) were significantly different, which was attributed to the high biomass production of the tropical pasture and the protective effect of the high clay content (˂138.15 g kg-2 ). We observed that 72.5-50% of the total organic C accumulated in the clay and silt fraction. The replacement of forest -derived C by pasture-derived C was in average 44%, 34%, and 33% for 0-30, 30-60, and 60-90 cm depth, respectively, suggesting a fast turnover rate of organic C regardless of the high clay content. The replacement decreased in the order: coarse, sand and increase silt, clay fraction. In conclusions, after 7 years of pasture, about 56% of the total organic C in the clay in the topsoil was still from C3, indicating that a significant part of this fraction was relatively recalcitrant

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The computer program of artificial neural network (ANN) to prediction the water quality index (WQI) at Municipality Water of Kastamonu City-Turkey. WQI demonstrates the overall water quality at a specific site and specific time depending on some water quality factors for 5 years (from Jan 2011 to Dec 2015). The simple feedforward network is applied with one of the training algorithms the standard back-propagation algorithm (Levenberg-Marquardt) (train-lm). In this study, one hidden layer has been selected for modelling and the number of the hidden neuron is set (n+1) and (2n+1) of input nodes. This discovering can be depicted by using the way that the quantity of hidden neurons straightforwardly affects the execution of the system and we can see that model the standard back-propagation algorithm (Levenberg-Marquardt) train-lm as activation function (train-Lm) is optimal to predict of water quality index and as more direct and very effective options to predict surface water quality and other water bodies.

Abstract

A total of 370 Mustelus mustelus have been collected monthly, directly from fishermen at the western coast of Libya (South Mediterranean) between November 2015 and December 2016. Each individual was measured, weighted, dissected to investigate the growth, age determination and spawning season. The largest fish was 168 cm, this size is considered the first record for M. Mustelus in the Mediterranean Sea, the weight was ranged from 365.5g to 20000g. the growth showed positive allometric growth (b = 3.2) gathered sex, also the von Bertalanffy growth model was described as K= 0.03, T0= -9.31 for M. mustelus and L∞ =194.9 cm . The age was ranged from one to 28 years and the majority age group is 4 years. The parturition occurring during the late April and May, after a gestation period of October and November in this area. This study highlights the biological aspects of M. Mustelus in the Libyan coasts in an attempt to fill the gap of knowledge on the Chondrichthyes species in the southeastern Mediterranean coast.

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The present study was conducted to test the ability of some desert plants to repair ecosystems through the accumulation of pollutants inside their tissues and the possibility of clearance of those pollutants, especially heavy metals. We used Oudneya africana (Zwitina) and Zygophyllum gaetulum (caramel). Are found in Hamada oil field beside wells. Oil concentrations of heavy metals were measured in its tissues, which include iron, lead, copper and cadmium (0-20) cm. Zygophyllum gaetulum (caramel) was more efficient in pulling and accumulating heavy elements within its tissues (8.1, 5.1 ppm) than Oudneya africana (Zwitina), which accumulated (2.0, 2.7ppm) for iron and copper respectively. Oudneya africana (Zwitina) is more accumulated than Zygophyllum gaetulum (caramel), where its concentration was in the plant (3.5 ppm) or in the plant (2.40 ppm). The results of statistical analysis (p <0.05) showed significant differences between the different concentrations.

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This study aims at evaluating the quality of groundwater for drinking purposes in the city of Sorman, Libya, using Water Quality Index (WQI). The city is located to the northwest of Libya. The study is based on samples collected from twenty-nine wells in different locations of the city during summer period of 2017. The Groundwater samples were analyzed for pH,EC,TDS, and other major ions. For calculating WQI, eleven parameters have been considered. The suitability of groundwater in the study area for human consumption purpose was achieved by WQI according to the guideline values of World Health Organization (WHO 2011). for chemical parameters. The weights (Wi ) of the parameters were assigned according to their influence on the human health. The results showed that the (WQI) values groundwater in the study area varied from good to unsuitable for human drinking purpose.

Abstract

Giardia lamblia is one of the most prevalent protozoan parasites worldwide. Due to its potential impact in public health, especially among children and In Brack Al-Shati, studies exploring Giardia lamblia prevalence still in paucity. therefore the present work was performed to estimate the prevalence of G. lamblia among school children. A total of 1110 stool samples were collected from 548 boys and 562 girls and scrutinized for the presence of the parasite. The ages of the children were from 6 year to15 years. All stool samples collected were subjected to microscopic examination using direct (wet mount) and concentration (formalin-ether) methods. The overall prevalence of the parasite was 1.80%. The prevalence rates among boys and girls were 2.19 % and 1. 42% respectively. The infection was recorded in all ages except the youngest (6 years) and the oldest (15 years old). The age 8 years showed the highest rate (4.13%) and 13 years showed the lowest rate (0.61%). Giardia lamblia prevalence was also varies between child school, the highest was in Al-Majd school (5.69%), and the lowest was in Tamzawa school (0.55%). The present study was the first attempt to demonstrate the prevalence of G. lamblia among schoolchildren in the region and all children vulnerable to infection regardless their genders, age, school, and class grade.