Abstract

Vol. 4 Issue: 2

Abstract

A liquid/liquid extraction method was used to extract tartaric acid using the Amberlite LA-2 anion exchanger. The extraction efficiency of tartaric acid was determined under the influence of both the initial concentration of the acid and the initial concentration of the extractant Amberlite LA-2 at a contact time ranging from 15 to 60 minutes and at 25oC. The effect of pH and temperature effect on extraction efficiency was also studied under conditions of contact time of 30 minutes using an initial concentration of tartaric acid and Amberlite LA-2 to be 0.05 N and 0.022 N, respectively. The titration technique with sodium hydroxide was used to determine the concentration of tartaric acid in the aqueous layer before and after the extraction procedure. The experimental data were used to calculate distribution coefficients (KD), loading coefficients (Z), and extraction efficiency E%. The obtained results indicated that the extraction percentage E, %, increased with the increase of Amberlite LA-2 concentration, pH and temperature. An extraction efficiency of 99.5% was obtained, and a maximum loading of 1.318. The extraction process mechanism was also proposed.

Abstract

"Pre-sowing seed treatments are crucial for improving the germination capacity of several tree species. This study aims to investigate the effect of cold stratification on the germination of five non-native pine species of the Libyan flora (P.leiophylla, P.lawsonii, P.ayacahuite, P.oocarpa, and P.radiata). These pine species have potential to be introduced into the climatic ecosystem of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar region. Three treatments of no stratification (control), 15 days of cold stratification, and 30 days of cold stratification were applied to the selected pine species. The results revealed a significant positive effect of cold stratification on seed germination. Germination percentage increased from 46.7% when sowing without stratification (control treatment) to 70% when seeds were stratified for 15 and 30 days prior to sowing, respectively. No seed germinated during the first week in the first and second treatments while the germination percentage reached in the third treatment of 30 days of cold stratification to 24%. Germination for P.leiophylla, P.lawsonii, P.oocarpa, and P.radiata improved after applying different stratification treatments on both rate and time of germination while P.ayacahuite germination did not differ significantly with stratification compared to control treatment. "

Abstract

In the management of water resources, quality of water is just as important as its quantity. The main aim of this research study was to assess the variability of groundwater parameters to develop water quality in Sabratha city and its suitability for irrigation purpose. Ten samples from different sites of selected study area were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions. The suitability of the groundwater for irrigation was evaluated based on electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium Percentage (Na%), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Permeability Index (PI), and Potential Salinity (PS). The obtained results show that the majority of the groundwater samples were categorized as doubtful to unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The USSLS chart indicating water of high to very high salinity, and low to medium sodium and water with good to moderate quality. The Na% and the resulting Wilcox diagram classify the groundwater as doubtful to unsuitable category. On the Wilcox diagram, the water samples fell into three categories, about 50% of the water samples were good to doubtful category for irrigation, and the other samples fell in the category unsuitable for irrigation. The Doneen diagram showed that more than 50% of the groundwater samples are distributed in class III and are unsuitable for irrigation uses. Generally, the majority of groundwater samples in the study area were categorized as doubtful to unsuitable for irrigation purposes.

Abstract

In the management of water resources, quality of water is just as important as its quantity. The main aim of this research study was to assess the variability of groundwater parameters to develop water quality in Sabratha city and its suitability for irrigation purpose. Ten samples from different sites of selected study area were collected and analyzed for major cations and anions. The suitability of the groundwater for irrigation was evaluated based on electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium Percentage (Na%), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Permeability Index (PI), and Potential Salinity (PS). The obtained results show that the majority of the groundwater samples were categorized as doubtful to unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The USSLS chart indicating water of high to very high salinity, and low to medium sodium and water with good to moderate quality. The Na% and the resulting Wilcox diagram classify the groundwater as doubtful to unsuitable category. On the Wilcox diagram, the water samples fell into three categories, about 50% of the water samples were good to doubtful category for irrigation, and the other samples fell in the category unsuitable for irrigation. The Doneen diagram showed that more than 50% of the groundwater samples are distributed in class III and are unsuitable for irrigation uses. Generally, the majority of groundwater samples in the study area were categorized as doubtful to unsuitable for irrigation purposes.

Abstract

"Phytoremediation of drilling waste, and contaminated soils were tested using a commercial mixture of poaceae, (Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis and Lolium perenne). The experiment evaluated the ability of grass to survive, and the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soils. The mixture of grass was planted in soil comprising different ratios of soil: waste (0, 25, 50 and 75% of water-based drilling waste) to examine the effect of a range of total petroleum TPHs concentrations. Biomass measurements including shoot and root biomass, grass height, and leaf chlorophyll content, were made, in addition to determining the occurrence of any reduction in leachability of total petroleum hydrocarbons contamination. Finally, the role of microorganisms and enzymes in the dissipation of petroleum hydrocarbons was observed. This research found that the mixture is useful for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated by drilling waste. The grasses also are shown to have the potential to remediate soils contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons when the contamination level is below 50% (0.25 wt. % or 2488 mgKg-1 TOC) where the petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in each successful treatment (25% and 50%) were removed by the efficiency of gross petroleum hydrocarbon degradation of 74 %, and 59.6 %, respectively. The findings also prove that the use of grasses mixture enhances the microbial enumeration in the root zone which is expected in helping the uptake and/or degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons for up to 52 days. The mixture of grasses offers an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, waste management option for some sites despite the need for long time. These findings indicate that more studies are much needed in the field of phytoremediation. "

Abstract

Natural Radioactivity levels in soil and sediment remain of interest to many researchers because of the radiation-induced public health hazards. A large part of the Jalu city population were surrounded by many open ponds produced by oil companies. Therefore twenty eight sites of soil and sediment were collected from different locations around the Jalu area. Concentrations of radionuclides in soil and sediment were determined by gamma-ray spectrometer using (HPGe) detector. Average activity level of natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K were found to be (511.99 BqKg-1, 225.49 BqKg-1, and 311.18 BqKg-1) respectively from the soil and sediment. Also, radium equivalent activity, dose rates, and other radiological hazard indicators soil, and sediment has been calculated. The results obtained in this study were all higher than their worldwide mean values and with the Comparison countries.

Abstract

The Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI) derived from Sentinel-2A, has been widely used to monitor moisture-related vegetation condition. It was applied to determine the actual impact of Ain Marah wild-fire on the moisture content of the area. Pre and post fire 10 metre Sentinel-2A images, were used to compare water content loss estimation as a result of the fire. NDMI values were tracked for ten months after the fire until 2 months after, in order to determine the moisture variation between the hot and dry seasons. Most recent free cloud Sentinel-2A on the 26th of December 2021, was compared with images taken a day before the fire to examine the moisture recovery over this period. The study results show the vegetation moisture content ranges from low to mid-high water content where vegetation exists, with NDMI values from 0 to 0.3. Whereas 5 months after the fire, the leaves water content represented through NDMI as -0.2 to -0.24 show high water stress over the burnt area. The area moisture content was tracked from August 2020 to August 2021 to examine the dynamics of the vegetation moisture in the burnt area. Although the area is characterized by moderate moisture in the hot season to high moisture in the rainy seasons, the fire caused a significant loss of the vegetation water content until the date of the current study.

Abstract

"The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of organizational commitment on the environmental performance. A case study conducted was specifically designed to examine if there is any connection between the commitment style (effective, continuance and normative organizational commitment of employees) and overall implementation status of the international standard systems ( Total quality management (TQM ), occupational health and safety ( OHSAS ) and environmental management system ( EMS ) which They are very crucial techniques in increasing environmental performance within Libyan public sector organization. The case study was Zliten Cement factory; it was determined as traditional management style and Libyan typically in its culture governance and structure.survey was conducted to gather the primary data. The data collected using a random sampling technique. 100 respondents who consisted of supervisor, managers and employees of Zliten Cement factory. The analyses were conducted using the statistical package for the social science ( spss ). The statistical result found that there is a low significant relationship between the Organizational commitment towards environmental performance in Zliten Cement factory. Organizational commitment also brought an insignificant impact on environmental performance at Zliten Cement factory. The result also determined that the organizational commitment plays important roles on implementation of TQM key elements, OHSAS and EMS in the Libyan Industrial Organization. Different aspects of these variables were tasted to provide a comprehensive understanding of factors that effected on environmental performance of Zliten Cement factory. "

Abstract

Surface water from the Rio Grande River is one of the primary water sources for southern New Mexico and Far West Texas in the United States (U.S.) and northern Chihuahua in Mexico. The river supplies several users, including agriculture, municipalities, industry, and wildlife. Surface water from precipitation, lakes, ponds, and swamps plays a significant role in the region's water supplies. However, climate change and the fast growth of the major metropolitan areas of El Paso, Ciudad Juárez, and Las Cruces have resulted in changes in land-use practices and increased water demand in response to growing competition between urban water needs and other uses. This study applies the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to visualize, monitor, and identify changes in surface water bodies in the Middle Rio Grande River Basin for a 26-year 1994-2020 study period. The area spans from San Antonio, New Mexico, to Presidio, Texas, and to Ojinaga, Chihuahua, including the cities of El Paso, Texas, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, and Las Cruces, New Mexico, all metropolitan areas on the U.S.-Mexico border. Results show that surface waterbodies have experienced an overall decrease in surface area during the last twenty-six years by more than 66 percent. This decrease is especially evident for the Elephant Butte and Caballo reservoirs, which decreased by about 83 percent and 72 percent, respectively. In 2020, surface waterbodies increased by approximately 31.9 % compared to 2018 storage and reduced the surface water area decrease to 46.9 percent. Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) proved useful tools for analyzing surface water change over time and monitoring mesoscale regions experiencing climate change, rapid urban growth, and water scarcity.

Abstract

The goal of this study was to see how effective Moringa oleifera leaf powder was at protecting male rat’s livers from hydroxychloroquine-induced liver damage. They were given dried Moringa leaf powder daily with meals orally for three weeks before being given different doses of hydroxychloroquine (1000, 500, and 250 mg / kg b.wt) daily for five days.In addition to the histology of the liver, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), liver enzymes, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity were measured in the serum. The activity of liver enzymes and MDA increased when varied doses of hydroxychloroquine were given, but SOD activity decreased. Treatment with Moringa oleifera leaf powder lowers MDA levels and hepatic enzyme activity while increasing antioxidant enzyme activity.At the same time, the effects of hydroxychloroquine-induced tissue deterioration were improved when Moringa oleifera leaves were used. Finally, Moringa leaf powder increases antioxidant activity and reduces hydroxychloroquine-induced liver injury, suggesting that it could be used as a future liver injury prevention medication.

Abstract

Parabolic Trough collector assembly is made with an automatic sun-tracking system, to get the solar angle of incidence between the beam of solar radiation and the normal on the surface of the trough equal to zero. This study aims to present the best sun-tracking system for parabolic trough solar collectors operated in Sebha city. Five orientations have been selected for the Parabolic trough collector. In first orientation the axis was horizontal east-west and moving once on a single axis, in Second the axis was horizontal east-west and moving continuously on a single axis, in Third the axis was horizontal north-south moving continuously on a single axis, in Fourth the axis was north-south and parallel to the earth's axis. Fifth, the axis was north-south and moving on two axes. The results of the work serve as an information basis for future research on parabolic trough collectors that will operate in Sabha city, which showed that the First, second and Fourth orientation, was collected solar radiation values are acceptable in some applications. Although the Third (especially in summer) and Fifth orientations are collecting the largest amount of direct solar radiation, the cost these systems are very expensive.

Abstract

The current study examined the effects of Echinorhynchus gadi , and Anisakis larva on Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicas ) This study was carried out from February to April 2018, in Tripoli- Libya using 50 fish, fish were collected from market fish in Tripoli city, Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicas ). The results indicate that the level of infection of 60% of all examined fish, Fish were infected with intestinal parasitic worms. Two types of worms were identified through the examination, Echinorhynchus gadi and Anisakis larva, the proportion incidence rate of these parasites was 53.3% and 46.6% respectively. In addition, the morphological characteristics of each parasite were identified.

Abstract

In 1st August 2021,during the sunset time in Shmaikh village 30 Km. south to Bani-Walid city (N 31°26,482 E 13°57,461), a sub-adult Rüppell's vulture Gyps rueppelli was found in the front yard of a house. This is the first record of G. rueppelli in Libya. Despite, the distribution range of this species is in the Sahel region and East Africa. Previously, there are only three vulture's species recoded in Libya; Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus, Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus and Lappet-faced Vulture Torgos tracheliotos. According to the IUCN-Red list, the Rüppell's vulture has mentioned as a critically endangered category D.

Abstract

Tribolium confmusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the most stored pest in the world due to the economic damage it causes to stored grain and its products. The use of traditional pesticides and the emergence of resistance in this pest led to a lack of pest control efficiency, which made it necessary to use other safe and effective alternatives to combat it, including essential oils plant extracts. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of six extracts of essential oils: flax Linum usitatissum, citrus limon Linum usitatissum, thymus Thymus vulgaris, rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis, fenugreeks Trigonella foeneum, and cinnamon Cinnamomum verus on larvae and adults of confused flour beetle T. confusum in vitro. Results showed that there were significant differences between oil treatments at 0.05 level, as the rosemary and cinnamon oils killed larvae and adults by 50.1, 50.6 %. In comparison, the effect of thyme and fenugreek oils was 41.28, 39.5%, followed by flax oil with 29.2%. The effect of lemon oil on the adult and larval stages of this pest had a lower killing rate of 5.28%. Results showed that essential oil extracts used in this study gave larval mortality rate of 8.88% compared to adults of 1.66%, with a direct relationship between the concentration rate and the killing rate, i.e., at concentrations of 10-8 and 10-6, the death rate was 54.22 and 48.78% respectively. But, at concentrations of 10-4 and 10-2 the death rate was 25.96% and 15.11% respectively. Laboratory results obtained revealed the ability of plant essential oil extracts different concentrations act as alternatives that repel and kill larval and adult stages of the confused flour beetle T. confusum